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Research in our labs focusses on regenerative medicine. Regenerative medicine is an area of scientific research that aims to develop drugs and technologies that replace or improve the function of organs or tissues. Often disease or injury leads to permanent damage to the body. In many cases this can lead to the need for transplanted tissue, which may be in short supply or simply not available.

By developing new nanomaterials, stem cells and new drugs, we hope to replace tissue, or to stimulate tissues to regenerate themselves. We are primarily focussed on bone repair, but we also have interests in antibiotic drug delivery for killing intracellular bacteria.

We focus on two main focus areas of research: (1) nanomedicine and drug delivery and (2) mechanobiology. 

Bubbles and broken bones

Broken bones are a huge problem for the NHS. One in three of us will break a bone in our lifetime. Although most cases will heal naturally, in a surprisingly high proportion of cases - around 1 in twenty -  the bone will fail to heal properly. This type of bone fracture is called a non-union or a delayed union, and they can be devastating for the person affect. They can lead to months of pain and immobility.  They are also very expensive, with the cost estimated to be half a billion /year.

The only treatment available to patients at present is surgery – often multiple rounds. There is no pill or injection that you can take to improve or speed up fracture repair.

We want to change this.

Our vision is that in future, patients with non-union or delayed union will be able to go into an outpatient appointment and receive an injection and bone fracture stimulation to speed up bone healing to get them back living their lives better and sooner. 

To achieve this we are working with Prof Eleanor Stride and colleagues at the to explore the utility of ultrasound and either microbubbles or nanodroplets for promoting bone repair. 

Microbubbles are used all the time in ultrasound imaging in hospitals. They reflect ultrasound waves, to enable doctors to see our tissues and organs more clearly. However, they can also be made to vibrate when the correct pitch of sound is used. This is exactly analogous to the way in which an opera singer can sing to make a glass vibrate or smash. Nanodroplets are much smaller, and are made of a volatile chemical (a perfluorocarbon) that vaporises to form a microbubble in the changing pressure of an ultrasound wave. We are harnessing this property to delivery drugs and energy to bone fracture sites. 

Killing bacteria with nanoparticles and microbubbles

Burkholderia is a genus of bacterium that causes a deadly disease called melioidosis. Antibiotics administered orally or intravenously often don’t work very well against it as the bacteria hide away and grow in white blood cells called macrophages.

We are developing a type of nanoparticle therapy - polymersomes - to sneak . 

What we do

In the lab we do a range of experiments to achieve this. We have a micro and nano-fabrication lab for the production of microbubbles and nanobubbles.

We have full tissue culture and molecular biology facilities for growing human bone cells, which are isolated from patients undergoing hip replacement surgery at . 

We have a Biosafety Level 2 lab for bacterial work.

We have a full suite of ultrasound stimulation equipment, including amplifiers, signal generators, transducers and cavitation detectors, as well as bespoke devices for stimulation of cells, tissues and in vivo models.